1.如何將短句變長
考研作文特別強(qiáng)調(diào)句式多樣，句子長短錯(cuò)落有致，為了做到這一點(diǎn)，我們可以通過分詞、從句、介詞或形容詞詞組等形式將若干簡單句整合為長句，這樣不僅能使句與句之間的聯(lián)系更加緊密，而且還能增強(qiáng)整篇文章的邏輯性和連貫性。舉一個(gè)考研圖畫題的例子：
我們可以先用幾個(gè)簡單句來描述圖中的現(xiàn)象：
(1) A father is sitting on the ground.
(2) He is surrounded by his three sons and one daughter.
(3) They guard the net like a goalkeeper.
(4) They have kicked him back and forth like a football.
接下來我們需要將這幾個(gè)簡單句整合為一個(gè)復(fù)合句。先確定最核心的成分，寫出主句：
In the picture we can see a father sitting on the ground.
接下來再根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系將第二句接上：
In the picture we can see a father sitting on the ground, surrounded by his three sons and one daughter.
使用定語從句接上第三句和第四句：
In the picture we can see a father sitting on the ground, surrounded by his three sons and one daughter who guard the net like a goalkeeper and who have kicked him back and forth like a football.
最后再加上其他的修飾成分，比如可以用elderly來修飾父親，用forlornly來形容父親孤零零地坐在地上的狀態(tài)，同時(shí)對(duì)句子進(jìn)行微調(diào)：like a goalkeeper與like a football用法有點(diǎn)重復(fù)，可以考慮將like a football改為as if he were a football，最后得到的句子是：
In the picture we can see an elderly father sitting forlornly on the ground, surrounded by his three sons and one daughter who guard the net like a goalkeeper and who have kicked him back and forth as if he were a football.
在圖畫作文開頭描述畫面時(shí)可以考慮采用這種方法對(duì)普通句進(jìn)行整合，但在整合句式的時(shí)候要特別注意不要犯低級(jí)的語法錯(cuò)誤，否則會(huì)適得其反。
2.去掉there be句型
There be 句型很容易使用，但也很容易被濫用。在考場(chǎng)作文中我們可以見到大量there be 引導(dǎo)的句子，但它們絕大多數(shù)可以精簡。很多同學(xué)喜歡在考研圖畫作文的第一段用there be句型來描述圖畫中的內(nèi)容，例如：
There is an American girl who wears a traditional Chinese dress in the picture.
我們可以將句子改為：
The picture depicts an American girl wearing a traditional Chinese dress.
又比如：
There are widespread rumours of job losses.
可以改寫為：
Rumours of job losses abound.
there be 句型一般表示“某地有某物”，在修改時(shí)，可以使用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞進(jìn)行替換（比如上面句子中的 abound ）。
再比如：
There were more foreign students in the classroom than the natives.
可以改寫為：
Foreign students outnumbered the natives in the classroom.
除了去掉 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)之外，這里還使用 outnumber 來代替 more...than... 這一個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)。類似的詞還有 outlive, outshine, outclass, outgrow, outperform 等。
3.替換if從句
If從句意為“如果……那么……”，這一句型在考研寫作中有大量應(yīng)用。我們同樣可以采用一些技巧將if從句進(jìn)行變換。舉個(gè)例子：
If we fail to solve environmental problems, future generations will suffer.
可以將if we fail to do something替換為名詞表達(dá)failure to do something，同時(shí)對(duì)相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行詞性變換，這樣可以讓句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，表達(dá)效果更好：
Failure to solve environmental problems will cause/result in the suffering of future generations.
再舉個(gè)例子：
If the government intervenes, house prices will decrease.
可以將If the government intervenes改為名詞形式government intervention，句子可以改為：
Government intervention will push down house prices.
4.替換although/even though從句
受中文表達(dá)習(xí)慣影響，很多人容易將although/even though與but連用，避免出現(xiàn)這一問題的方法是對(duì)它們進(jìn)行替換，這樣在句式上也會(huì)更加多樣。舉個(gè)例子：
Although the city has many problems, it is still the best place for the young and ambitious.
我們可以用despite/in spite of+名詞表達(dá)的形式來代替although從句：
In spite of / despite its many problems, the city is still the best place for the young and ambitious.
又比如：
Although he did not receive formal education, he is a good actor and director.
我們可以將它改為：
He is a good actor and director in spite of his lack of formal education.
5.省略關(guān)系代詞
除了 there be 句型之外，定語從句在考場(chǎng)作文中的使用頻率也非常高。但從簡潔性的角度考慮，絕大多數(shù)的定語從句同樣可以精簡，比如：The picture depicts an American girl who wears a traditional Chinese dress. 可以改為：The picture depicts an American girl wearing a traditional Chinese dress.
又比如：
From childhood, he had an instinct that made him excited and interested in all things which were electronic.
可以改寫成：
From childhood, he had an instinctive feel for all things electronic.
這里將關(guān)系代詞 which 以及 that 省略，并且原句中 made him excited and interested in 語義重復(fù)，可以使用 instinctive feel 來代替。
同時(shí)，我們可以使用非謂語形式來對(duì)一些定語從句進(jìn)行替換。舉個(gè)例子：
Because of traffic congestion, commuters have to spend long hours on the road, which leads to lost productivity.
可以將which leads to…這部分替換為現(xiàn)在分詞形式leading to… 即：
Because of traffic congestion, commuters have to spend long hours on the road, leading to lost productivity.
在寫作時(shí)可以嘗試著將不必要的關(guān)系代詞刪除，或者將其轉(zhuǎn)換為分詞結(jié)構(gòu)或名詞詞組，這樣會(huì)更加簡潔有力。
6.轉(zhuǎn)換詞性
英語中有一部分單詞具有多重詞性，巧妙利用詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，可以起到更好的表達(dá)效果。舉個(gè)例子，要表達(dá)“他在上海度假”，我們可能會(huì)寫 He goes on holiday in Shanghai.
但其實(shí)還可以寫成 He holidays in Shanghai. 這里將 holiday 作為動(dòng)詞使用，含義是“在……度假”。
又比如：
(1) Arthur Ashe is the captain of the U.S. team.
(2) Mr Li, who teaches creative writing at Yale University, is extremely funny and psychologically observant, but he does not believe in happy endings.
上面句子可以改寫為：
(1) Arthur Ashe captains the U.S. team.
(2) Mr Li, who teaches creative writing at Yale University, is extremely funny and psychologically observant, but he is no believer in happy endings.
第一個(gè)句子使用 captain 的動(dòng)詞義“率領(lǐng)”，人物形象更為有力。第二個(gè)句子使用 believe 的名詞形式 believer，這樣語氣更為強(qiáng)烈。
各位同學(xué)可以對(duì)照上面的幾個(gè)原則對(duì)自己的作文進(jìn)行修改潤色，在考試前的最后幾天時(shí)間里多加練習(xí)，力求熟能生巧。最后祝各位考出好成績。
