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The volume opened with An Essay in Sociological Linguistics by Alan Ross, a professor of Linguistics at Birmingham University, in which he set out the differences between “U”(Upper-class) and “non-U”(Middle Class) usages, covering forms of address, pronunciation and the use of particular words.

 

 

主語 The volume

 

謂語 opened with

 

賓語 An Essay in Sociological Linguistics

 

 

單詞

 

usage

 

音標

 

'jus?d?

 

中文詞意

 

n. 使用；用法；慣例

 

 

這句話的主語"The volume"，謂語"opened with"，賓語可看成是"An Essay in Sociological Linguistics"，"by Alan Ross"算是賓語的定語，雙逗號間是"Alan Ross"的同位語結(jié)構(gòu)"a professor of Linguistics at Birmingham University"，"in which"引導定語從句修飾"An Essay in Sociological Linguistics"，"An Essay in Sociological Linguistics"在定語從句中作狀語，從句主語是"he"，謂語是"set out"，賓語"the differences"，"between “U”(Upper-class) and “non-U”(Middle Class) usages"算是賓語的定語，"covering..."可看成是評注式狀語（從意義上理解看成從句賓語的定語也是可以的）對從句賓語作解釋。

 

 

該書的首篇文章《社會語言學隨筆》出自伯明翰大學語言學教授艾倫·羅斯之手, 作者在文中對“U”(上層階級)與“非U”(中產(chǎn)階級)之間的用語差異作了區(qū)分, 包括稱呼、發(fā)音以及特殊詞語的使用等方面。

 

 

見語法分析